Factors Contributing to the Increased Rate of Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans

 A Systematic Review on Factors Contributing to the Increased Rate of Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans

Abstract

Introduction

Diabetes is a growing pandemic, especially in the African American community due to diet practices, genetics, and familial dining traditions, disparities in diabetic maintenance/management and regular doctor appointments.  Contributing factors range from a vast scale of individual and group practices that has been a great danger to the quality of life and health among the African American community.

Methods

Systematic literature searches through PubMed, Walden University Library, and the Saint James School of Medicine Library resources as well as other reliable/scholarly research and scholarly/educational website platforms were obtained to study, analyze, and display the most accurate information on Type 2 Diabetes in the African American community.

Results

We researched and studied over 24 scholarly articles that ranged from the World Health Organization website, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, news articles, research and data performed cohort studies as well as systematic reviews among the above-mentioned websites. Out of the 24 articles researched, 7 articles summed up the aspect and nature of the information from this paper. 

Keywords

“Diabetes”, “Hyperglycemia”, “Diabetes Mellitus”, “United States”,  “DIABETIC“, “CHALLENGES”, “TYPE-II”, “GLUCOSE”, “HYPERGLYCEMIA”, “SUGAR”, “SELF CARE”, “FAMILY HISTORY”, “GLYCEMIC AMPUTATION”, “SYMPTOMS”, “ADULT DIABETES”, “LIFE-STYLE”, “SUPPORT”, “GLYCEMIC CASES”, “EVALUATION”, “ETHNICITY”, ”YOUNG ADULTS”’“MOTIVATION”, “TREATMENT”, “MEDICATION”, “GLYCEMIC SHOCK”, “DOCTORS”, “BLOOD SUGAR”, “DEFICIENCY” “HYPOGLYCEMIA”, “ENVIRONMENTAL”, “DISPARITIES”, “GLOBAL”, “HIGH READINGS”, “ADULT”, “EVIDENCE”,  DIABETES”, “ASIAN AMERICANS”, “PREVELANCE”, “AFRICAN AMERICANS”, and “CAUCASIANS”

Background

Management of diabetes seems to be a big challenge for many people, lifestyle/ habit changes by eating healthier and exercising more often seems to be a huge challenge for people with Type 2 Diabetes. To effectively manage diabetes, there must be meticulous long-term monitoring and early treatment of any potential complications, as well as ongoing and careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Adherence rates for diet and exercise are even worse than for taking medications, with studies reporting less than 65% and less than 20% respectively. It is easy to just take a pill, but changing diet and exercising are much more obtrusive. Some patients may have significant pain limiting their ability to exercise. These patients should have their pain evaluated and treated to allow for improved mobility and exercise. If they have chronic pain that is difficult to control, providers should look for alternative forms of exercise that may be associated with less pain (Karen,2016).

African Americans are much more as liable to be inclined to create diabetes as their European American partners. This dissimilarity has raised the issue to a national concern. Solid People 2020, through the objectives and targets for diabetes, perceives there is a noteworthy wellbeing uniqueness among African Americans determined to have T2DM. In accordance with race and ethnicity, African Americans are half 100% bound to create T2DM contrasted with their European American partners. Analysts gauge the pace of T2DM to significantly increase continuously 2050 among African Americans. African Americans are bound to have lopsided results as they identify with T2DM and are twice as liable to encounter diabetes-related visual deficiency, lower appendage removals, and gloom. T2DM remains the main source of death for African Americans. The general objective of Healthy People 2020 in such manner is to diminish the quantity of recently determined people to have T2DM and add to decreasing the monetary weight it has on people and their families. The keys to this decrease in recently analyzed people are inside mindfulness and anticipation. Mindfulness includes understanding the hazard factors related with the illness. The hazard factors identified with T2DM incorporate heftiness, hypertension, coronary illness, family ancestry, and ethnicity. Contrasted and people without a family ancestry of T2DM, people with a family ancestry in any first-degree relative have a 2-to 3-overlap expanded danger of creating T2DM. The manner in which an individual disguises the significance of family ancestry differs by malady. People getting mindful of their family ancestry and evaluating their own relationship to an infection may bring about a constructive change in wellbeing conduct found that people who knew about a family ancestry of prostate disease were bound to experience screening when contrasted with the individuals who did not have a family ancestry. In another examination demonstrated that ladies who had a solid family ancestry of bosom malignant growth were bound to adopt even more a sensational strategy to the malady in accordance with careful administration. Simultaneously, they did not report progressively preventive measures when contrasted with bosom malignant growth survivors who did not have a family ancestry (Ard,2020).

Environmental factors of Type 2 Diabetes in the African American community would comply to the investigational study that was performed to discuss the increasing prevalence of T2DM by several authors that stated “Walkability, air pollution, food and physical activity environment and roadways proximity were the most common environmental characteristics studied. out of more than 200 reported and extracted relationships assessed in approximately>60 studies… 82 demonstrated a significant association in the expected direction. Higher levels of walkability and green space were associated with lower T2DM risk, while increased levels of noise and air pollution were associated with greater risk. Current evidence is limited in terms of volume and study quality prohibiting causal inferences” (Dendup et al, 2018). The statement signifies how most African American communities are pollution infested and not suited for leisurely/exercise walks.

Type 2 Diabetes prevention and management in the African American community holds terrifying disparities, according to the National Institute of Health regarding higher incidence of T2DM in African Americans “The researchers used statistical analyses to figure out how biological, neighborhood, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors contributed to rates of diabetes, in which they discovered that biological risk factors accounted for most of the health disparity. These factors included a combination of body mass index, waist measurement, fasting glucose levels, lipids, blood pressure, and lung function. Differences between blacks and whites in neighborhood, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors were also linked with diabetes, although to a lesser degree” (Hicklin, 2018).

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