Question 21
Systematic data gathering, noting relationships, and offering explanations are central to
commonsense psychology
the content of science
nonscientific inference
the process of science
Question 22
In a pretest/posttest design, participants may improve with repeated testing due to increased familiarity with a test. This problem is called
bidirectional causation
practice effect
regression to the mean
a third variable problem
Question 23
Volunteer subjects may differ from nonvolunteers in that volunteers may be
less authoritarian.
more politically and socially liberal.
more intelligent.
all of these
Question 24
Researchers conduct experiments in laboratories to achieve the greatest degree of
control
objectivity
generalizability
realism
Question 25
Experimenters generally want subjects to be as naïve as possible concerning the experimental hypothesis to reduce confounding by
context variable.
demand characteristics.
experimenter bias.
response sets.
Question 26
A review of prior studies in an area may provide
help in identifying important issues.
information on previous important issues.
new research ideas.
all of these
Question 27
In single-blind experiments,
experimenters are unaware of the treatments given to subjects.
experimenters encourage subjects to guess the experimental hypothesis.
subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving.
subjects do not receive feedback on their performance.
Question 28
Kirk hypothesizes that his dog dreams in color. This is not an experimental hypothesis because it
cannot be stated in an "if...them" format.
cannot be tested.
in an analytic statement.
is not a parsimonious statement
Question 29
Both correlational designs and quasi-experiments are often higher in ____ than laboratory experiments.
external validity
imposition of units
internal validity
manipulation of antecedents
Question 30
Which of these correlations would permit the most accurate prediction?
-0.93
-0.20
+0.81
+1.32
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