In the evolution of human history, nature has played an essential role

1.In the evolution of human history, nature has played an essential role in shaping the formation and development of civilization, and conversely, nature has been transformed by cultures. Traditional Chinese civilization was not exceptional in this relationship. Scholars of Chinese history have studied this relationship from various perspectives, i.e. unsustainable agriculture by Mark Elvin and hydraulic society by Wittfogel. By using examples discussed in our class, please analyze the influence and changes of nature in traditional Chinese society and Chinese vision of nature.

2.The development of Chinese civilization underwent a long transition from the early isolation to the frequent communication with the rest of the world. Chinese civilization has also shown the characteristics of being both inclusive and exclusive in terms of its attitude toward outside cultures. By applying two or three examples, such as the introduction of Buddhism, the exchange of species and products, the collision between nomadic culture and agriculture, or the original and creative thinking of early Chinese thinking, and others, please analyze the impacts of the isolation and outside communication on Chinese civilization