Discuss insertion, deletion, and modification anomalies

1. Discuss insertion, deletion, and modification anomalies. Why are they considered bad? Illustrate with examples.
2. What is meant by the closure of a set of functional dependencies?
3.Describe conceptually how an SQL retrieval query will be executed by specifying the conceptual order of executing each of the six clauses.
4. Discuss the various types of join operations (inner vs. outer) with a brief description of where best to use them.